To stack habits, tie a desired habit to an existing habit according to the following formula: “After [current habit], I will [new habit]”. For example, “After I brush my teeth, I will stretch for 5 minutes”. You can stack habits together, for example after you finish brushing your teeth, you will meditate for 10 minutes, then plan the rest of your day, before checking social media. A “chain of habits” is more likely to be sustained if you practice this consistently. Choosing the correct trigger is essential. YOU NEED A TRIGGER CUE
Your trigger should be; something that you do automatically without fail during your day, such as waking up, turning off your alarm or brushing your teeth. James Clear tells us in the book that Motivation is highly overrated. You can better shape your behavior by designing your environment. We are more influenced by our environment than our willpower or motivation. It’s hard to stick to positive habits in a negative environment. “Environment is the invisible hand that shapes human behavior.”
Creating a habit requires you to redesign the space around you (home/work) to 1 - make it easier to see the cues for the desired habits and 2 - avert bad habits by making them invisible. If you want to drink more water, make the cues visible and obvious. Place water bottles around the house in places you are likely to see them. Want to read more? place the book somewhere you will see it. If you want to get better on the guitar, don’t leave it out of sight in a closet. CONTEXT IS THE CUE Objects in the environment do not determine our behavior; rather, it is our relationship to them
that does. Stop seeing your environment as a place simply filled with objects. Imagine it as a place filled with relationships. The couch in the living room is the place where one person reads an hour a night. For another, the couch is where they watch Netflix and eat pizza and relax after work. If your relationship with the couch is a place to relax, then trying to get a work related task done in that environment may be difficult. Try to make separate zones in your house for different activities.
The author likes to use the mantra “One space, One use” If you are trying to eliminate a bad habit, You can only rely on self-control in the short-term. Cutting off bad habits at the source is a more reliable solution and one of the most practical ways to eliminate a bad habit is to make it invisible. Eliminate it from your environment. For example Put your phone in another room for a few hours if you have trouble getting work done. Put junk food out of sight or remove it from your house if you are trying to lose weight.
Law 2 Making it Attractive When we expect to be rewarded, we take action. The more rewarding an action is, the more likely we are to repeat it until it becomes a habit. Hence, the first step to forming good habits is to make them more attractive. Understanding how dopamine affects your body will help you DOPAMINE & FEEDBACK LOOPS Our motivation levels are affected by dopamine, a hormone and neurotransmitter. We are more motivated to act when our dopamine levels rise. By measuring dopamine,
scientists can pinpoint the exact moment at which a craving occurs. It was once assumed that dopamine was just about pleasure, but now we know it's vital to many neurological functions, including motivation, memory, learning, punishment as well as voluntary movement. “Gambling addicts have a dopamine spike right before they place a bet, not after they win”. Let’s dive deeper into dopamine spikes. Using social media, eating junk food and taking drugs are all associated with high levels of dopamine and are highly habit forming.The hormone dopamine is released not only when we experience pleasure, but also when we anticipate it. Think about before going on a vacation. Sometimes the thinking and anticipation of the vacation is better than the actual vacation. Seeing the junk food you desire surges dopamine, not after eating it. Drug addicts increase dopamine when they see the drugs, not after taking them. The craving is what causes us to take action in the first place. Making our habits attractive is vital because it is the expectation of a rewarding experiencethat drives us to act. Here, you can use a strategy known as…. Temptation bundling The temptation bundling process makes a habit more attractive by combining an action we need to do with one we want to do. For example you could bundle watching Netflix (something you want to do) with working out (something you need to do). Temptation bundling applies a psychology principle known as Premack's Principle. Developed by professor David Premack, the Premack principle states, "More probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors."In other words, even if you're not looking forward to doing some exercise, you'll become conditioned to do it because you get to do something else you really enjoy. Group Influence “We are continually wondering "What will others think of me?" and altering our behavior based on the answer.” We are influenced by the people closest to us, and the groups we belong to. If you are trying to build a new habit, one of the best ways to reinforce the habit is to find and become part of a culture where that habit is the norm.If you want to get into better shape, surround yourself with fit people. If you want to read more, join a book club. Primal motivators : The source of cravings In your normal everyday life you wouldn’t say something to yourself like “I want to eat this pizza because I need to consume this food to survive” Surface level cravings are merely manifestations of our deeper underlying motives. And these underlying motives guide our behavior. Here are some examples of underlying motives: Conserving energy Obtaining food and water Finding love and reproducing Connecting and bonding with others Winning social acceptance and approval Reducing uncertainty Achieving status and prestige Your brain did not evolve with a desire to smoke cigarettes, check Instagram every 5 minutes or to play video games. Online platforms and products do not invent new motivations, but rather appeal to the underlying motives of human nature that we already have to gain our attention. “Your habits are modern-day solutions to ancient desires.New versions of old vices. The underlying motives behind human nature remain the same” People who have the underlying motive of connecting with others may jump onto Facebook, others seeking the underlying motive of finding love and reproducing may sign up for Tinder. Reducing uncertainty, there’s Google for that. Seeking social acceptance, there is Instagram. Reprogramming your brain to enjoy hard habits “You can make hard habits more attractive if you can learn to associate them with a positive experience.”By highlighting the benefits of a habit rather than its downsides, you can quickly reprogram your mind and make it seem more appealing. For example, Fitness = health and wellbeing and not fatigue. Cleaning the house = an environment conducive to peace of mind and not wasted time. Saving money = future financial freedom and not sacrifice. These subtle shifts in mindset aren't magic, but they can change your feelings toward some habits or situations. Make it Unattractive. To break a bad habit, do the same but highlight the benefits of NOT doing that habit to make it as unattractive to keep doing as possible. Law 3 - Make it Easy How long does it actually take to form a new habit? During habit formation, a behavior becomes increasingly automatic as it is repeated. As you repeat an activity, your brain changes in order to become more efficient at it. Long before neuroscientists dug into the process of forming habits, repetition was known as a powerful tool for establishing habits. You activate particular neural circuits associated with habits every time you repeat them. So framing habit formation in terms of time is flawed. It should be framed in terms of the number of repetitions. Reducing Friction : The Law of Least Effort The more energy required, the less likely it is to happen. It takes almost no energy to get into the habit of reading one page of a book each day. Habits are more likely to occur when they require less energy. The bigger the obstacle, the more friction there is between you and the desired outcome. If you need to travel 20 minutes out of your way to go to the gym, chances are you will not. If your gym is located on your commute to work, you will greatly decrease the friction. By making your good habits more convenient, you're more likely to stick to them. Your life will be easier if you find ways to reduce friction rather than trying to solve it. In order to build better habits, we have to find ways to reduce friction associated with our good habits and increase friction associated with our bad habits Prime the environment for use By automating or setting up your environment, you can reduce the friction for future action,e.g. “I will lay out my workout clothes at night so I can get up and get moving in the morning.” Or to prepare a healthier breakfast, place the pan on the stove, and gather the ingredients the night before. Again to reduce any friction. Using the Two-Minute Rule to Stop Procrastinating Using the "2-minute rule" can help you establish small habits that will lead to habit momentum and success in bigger goals. Find a simple, 2-minute version of your desired habit. You want to scale down your desired outcome. Running a marathon becomes putting on your shoes and stretching for 2 minutes. Reading an hour per day becomes reading one page. You need to get the routine anchored in place and then slowly build up the difficulty. After you have mastered the 2-minute habit, you can progress to the next phase; To make something more difficult, think about ways you can create barriers of friction between yourself and the bad habit. Make it as impractical as possible. If you want to watch less TV, unplug the TV after each use and put the remote in an inconvenient location.When you go shopping, leave your credit cards under the seat of your car if you have a bad habit of spontaneous spending. Do anything you can to make your Bad habits less likely to occur. Law 4 -Make it satisfying The most important rule of behavior change A feeling of pleasure is a message to the brain: "This feels good. Let’s repeat this next time." When you experience pleasure, your brain learns that a behavior is worth remembering and repeating. "What is immediately rewarded is repeated. What is immediately punished is avoided"The first Three habits increase your chances of doing the habit this time. The last law increases your chances of repeating the habit next time. The Mismatch between immediate and delayed returns It is common for us to feel good about our immediate results, but bad about our long-term outcomes when we practice bad habits. It is the opposite with good habits: the immediate result is unpleasant, but the ultimate outcome is satisfying. A certain amount of success in just about every field involves ignoring an immediate reward for a long-term one. It is best to add a little immediate pleasure to the habits that will pay off in the long run and a little pain to those that won't. How to stick with good habits everyday QUOTE “The vital thing in getting a habit to stick is to feel successful—even if it’s in a small way. The feeling of success is a signal that your habit paid off and that the work was worth the effort.” It is satisfying to make progress, and you can monitor your progress using visual measures such as moving paper clips, hairpins, or marbles. These “little wins” can go a long way. For example, for each sales call you make today, move a marble from one jar to the complete jar. For Each 25 minutes of writing, move a paperclip Visual measurements can take many forms: diet journals, workout logs, download progress bars, or even page numbers in a book. Keeping a habit tracker may be the best method to monitor your progress. Using a habit tracker is a simple way to determine whether you did a particular habit. How to recover quickly when your habits break down In spite of your best efforts, it is inevitable that life will interrupt you at some point. A bad day at work, a bad performance, or a bad workout can happen to anyone. When you're having a bad day, you don't realize how valuable it is to just show up. “Lost days hurt you more than successful days help you.” Don’t break the chain of continuity. Missing twice is the start of a bad habit; never do it. On a bad day, it's better to do 10 sit ups (instead of your normal 50) than not do them at all.Breaking a bad habit: Make it Unsatisfying How an accountability partner can change everything. A behavior is less likely to occur when pain is immediate. Being held accountable by a partner is a good way to keep your desired habits in check. We all want to be liked and respected, so we would rather just avoid the punishment. For example - I owe you $10 every time I miss a workout, plus the respect I lose for failing to do what I said I would! Behavior is more likely to be influenced by concrete, and immediate consequences.The Habit Contract You can create a habit contract to hold yourself accountable, just as governments use laws to hold citizens accountable. You can create a habit contract either verbally or in writing, which makes it clear that you will honor a particular habit and that there will be punishments if you do not. You can then use your accountability partners to enforce that contract. Ok so it’s one thing to read a book, but another to actually apply it to your life. So i’m going to try and visually represent how I have personally been using this book to build systems around my habits the past few months. After you read the book maybe your approach will be different than mine or better, or maybe there are some parts I completely missed or could improve upon so do let me know in the comments. The Good habits I wanted to develop were more consistent workout and reading routines. The Bad habit I wanted to eliminate was becoming distracted and overconsuming social media First I completed the Habit scorecard. This gave me a good idea of habits I could try to eliminate, but more importantly it gave me an idea of daily habits I was already doing that I could stack my new habits with. Ultimately, when you find the habits you want to work on. you want to be pushing Desired good habits towards this side of the spectrum, and bad habits towards this side. For the working out habit. The first step was to make the cues more obvious, and I had a few tools I could use from the book. In this case I used what James Clear calls the implementation strategy. I will workout at 6am in the living room. Next I tried as best I could to design my environment conducive to this new habit. I took my dumbbell set out of the closet, and put them in the living room. I also found a few pictures of healthy physiques on the internet and put them in places around the house as cues that would remind me of the habit. Next, I moved on to the craving phase. To increase dopamine and motivation I bundle the workout with listening to some of my favorite podcasts. I also implement reprogramming my brain. I tell myself repeatedly Next I tried as best I could to design my environment conducive to this new habit. I took my dumbbell set out of the closet, and put them in the living room. I also found a few pictures of healthy physiques on the internet and put them in places around the house as cues that would remind me of the habit. Next, I moved on to the craving phase. To increase dopamine and motivation I bundle the workout with listening to some of my favorite podcasts. I also implement reprogramming my brain. I tell myself repeatedly I don’t “have to do a workout” but that “ I get to build strength and a healthier body” That subtle shift in mindset has gone a long way. Ideally, joining a gym, or finding a group to workout with would be even better to strengthen this habit, but unfortunately all gyms are closed where I live, so I’m kind of on my own for now with these two tools. Next, making it easy. Using the 2 minute rule, to make sure I don’t end up like most people starting a new habit, that try to do too much too soon. I want my habit to not feel like a challenge at all. My 2 minute rule was putting on my workout clothes and stretching. If that was the only thing I accomplished then that was fine, because I showed up. But you will quickly find that once you are there, you are now motivated to get the workout done. It is weird but the motivation seems to come after you get started. My mindset is focused on small 1 percent changes compounding into meaningful results AND that my systems will get me to the results, not vague goals. Remembering that my main focus at this point is just making sure I show up and start anchoring this habit in place. Once you are consistently showing up, increase the progression. To decrease friction, I made the rule that I’m not allowed to check my phone until the workout was complete. If I get distracted by emails or social media, It is one excuse and one step of friction between myself and the workout getting completed. Lastly, this was a game changer for me, priming the environment. When I place my shoes, yoga mat and dumbbells out the night before I skyrocket my show up and workout percentage. As soon as I place these items out the night before, I feel like the ritual has begun and the workout is already complete because I have zero excuses. So with those 3 phases of the loop systemized to get me to show up. I only had the last phase of the loop left to tackle. To make sure I keep repeating the habit. I use both of these tools somewhat together to close out the loop. I use a habit tracker, crossing the day off the calendar becomes the reward and it forces me to not want to break the chain. I also take a of picture of the calories I burnt and send the picture to my partner, and that feels satisfying. Mindset wise, I begin with identity and I remind myself after each workout that “I want to become the kind of person that enjoys fitness and doesn’t miss workouts” I don’t put all my focus on outcomes such as I want to be 10kg lighter by such and such a date. I also remind myself that I need to be patient for results and that I’m probably still somewhere in this Valley of disappointment before I will see results! So that is my personal system for morning workouts. I went through the same process with the reading habit, with a few minor changes. I used the habit stack. After [making a coffee] I will [read for 90 minutes] … making a coffee was my trigger cue for reading. My one space one use rule was reading on the balcony of my apartment. One of the best parts of my day is a nice cup of coffee in the morning. So this was the perfect thing to bundle the habit with. Remembering how dopamine raises in anticipation of a reward and not the reward itself. I wanted this dopamine spike for wanting coffee to start becoming associated with reading. My 2 minute rule was to read 1 page of The Daily Stoic by Ryan Holiday. Super simple, again in the beginning all I was concerned with was showing up and getting this habit anchored. Then I slowly built up the habit to around 90 minutes. For the bad habit I was trying to eliminate To make the habit invisible, I started by making my phone as boring as possible, which required deleting a lot of apps. I use the reprogramming tool, to highlight the unattractive side of
overconsuming social media. Telling myself things like… … consuming is the easy and lazy option of the masses ,producing things is difficult but rewarding. Do I want to be a consumer or a producer? Random scrolling through feeds is for losers. So try to paint your bad habit in a light that makes it super unattractive to keep doing. To increase friction, I left my phone out of sight whilst working in a drawer in another room. To make it unsatisfying, I have an accountability partner, I get my partner to enforce this habit. The punishment is If she sees me using social media during work time, I owe her $10. So that is how I have been using this fantastic book guys with great results so far, and I hope this summary has helped you to better understand the concepts within this book. Go out and grab a copy of this book if you haven't already, you are going to take in the knowledge at a much deeper level, from all the stories and examples that James Clear goes over some advanced techniques, not in this summary that will help you strengthen your habits.
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